XDSL Technology Essay Example For Students

XDSL Technology Essay The quickened development of substance rich applications and web based gaming, which request high data transfer capacity, has changed the idea of data systems. Fast correspondence is presently a normal necessity all through business, government, scholarly, and home office conditions. Web access, working from home, and remote LAN get to are three of the plainly characterized administrations that system get to suppliers are offering now. These quickly developing applications are setting another degree of interest on the phone framework. Specifically, the neighborhood circle bit of the system (i.e., the nearby association from the endorser of the nearby focal office) has become a test for phone organizations. Verifiably, this neighborhood circle office has been provisioned with copper cabling which can only with significant effort bolster high data transmission. This condition is presently being worried by the interest for progressively higher transmission capacity limits. Despite the f act that this foundation could be supplanted by an enormous rollout of fiber innovations, the expense to do so would be intolerable in todays plans of action and, all the more critically, an opportunity to achieve such a progress is unsuitable in light of the fact that the market request exists today! Phone organizations are as of now confronted with developing rivalry and exceptional client demandsA new classification of organizations, Internet Service Providers (ISPs), has risen in this market as suppliers of information administrations. Generally ISPs have utilized the phone organization framework. In any case, on account of deregulation, they presently have direct access to the physical link plant. ISPs will be impressive rivals in this mission for the clients. System specialist organizations around the globe fill this second with extraordinary potential for exceptional achievement. We will compose a custom paper on XDSL Technology explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now Another innovation called rapid Digital Subscriber Line (xDSL) has risen onto this scene. xDSL, which incorporates a few unique advancements, basically permits the augmentation of megabit data transmission limits from the specialist organization focal office to the client premises on a client by client premise over the current copper cabling, without the requirement for enormous framework substitution and at entirely sensible expenses. These new xDSL arrangements fulfill the business need to arrangement the system in a quick, financially savvy way, while saving the framework and permitting an arranged relocation into more current advancements. xDSL can fulfill the client need for high data transmission at this moment, at costs that bode well. xDSL is a gathering of rising Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) modem advances for supporting high-rate traffic transmission over POTS lines. X represents hilter kilter in ADSL, rate versatile in RADSL, rapid in HDSL, and extremely fast in VDSL. xDSL Delivers Broadband over Copper The best thing about xDSL innovations is their capacity to move a lot of data across existing copper phone lines. This is conceivable on the grounds that xDSL modems influence signal preparing methods that addition and concentrate increasingly advanced information onto simple lines. The key is tweak, a procedure wherein one sign changes the property of another. ADSL Development and Deployment Progress Of all the rising xDSL advances, ADSL is getting the most consideration on the grounds that there is a norm (DMT) for it, and its capacities give NSPs a serious contribution to link modems. However, there is expanding enthusiasm for balanced xDSL contributions, for example, HDSL and SDSL. As a nearby access admini stration, ADSLs execution has no basic disadvantages. It very well may be conveyed as an overlay arrange where there is endorser request, wiping out the requirement for NSPs to chance structure out their foundation pointlessly with the expectation that the innovation will get on. ADSL improvement and sending is centered basically in North America, trailed by northern Europe and the Pacific Rim. In North America, US West, GTE, Ameritech, SBC, BellSouth, and Edmonton Tel (Canada) are the specialist organizations driving the current influx of ADSL/xDSL arrangement. Covad, Northpoint, and a bunch of different CLECs are entering high-thickness metropolitan areastypically offering an arrangement of xDSL contributions at various classes of administration and value focuses, and contending with officeholder neighborhood trade bearers. Chicago-based InterAccess was the first ISP to offer ADSL. Telia (Sweden), Telenor (Norway), British Telecom (UK), and Telfonica (Spain) are driving xDSL defen ders in Europe. In the Pacific Rim, Telstra (Australia), Hong Kong Telecom, and Singtel (Singapore) are conveying xDSL for information and video applications. ADSL modems have been tried effectively by in excess of 40 phone organizations, and near 50,000 lines have been introduced in different innovation preliminaries and business arrangements. Progressively, elective specialist co-ops, for example, endeavors, multi-inhabitant building proprietors, friendliness organizations (lodgings and resorts), and office park engineers are offering or considering offering ADSL to their clients as private system administrators. In mid 90s xDSL advancements were tried by a portion of the territorial Bell working organizations in the United States, just as a few European phone organizations. Around then, the driving applications behind xDSL were video on request (VOD) and intelligent TV (ITV). Those applications were viewed as conceivably unstable wellsprings of income development for the private market. In 1995, intrigue moved toward the online world and all the more explicitly the World Wide Web. The expanding interest for transfer speed with which to get to the Web is one of the essential applications at which xDSL innovations are currently focused on. Notwithstanding, xDSL advancements are additionally being taken a gander at related to a few different applications. These applications may create a far more noteworthy income stream in not so distant future contrasted with broadband Web access for private market. Recorded underneath are only a couple of instances of how xDSL innovation can be utilized:Intranet access for associations that are normalizing on a Web based, customer server model is one of essential xDSL applications. An association that has actualized an Intranet will require higher data transfer capacity managed by xDSL so as to interface their remote workplaces and remote workers to the additionally requesting business situated applications running on their private Web servers. xDSL advances can possibly demonstrate unquestionably increasingly successful in minimal effort, high throughput, LAN to LAN availability than ISDN or conventional rented lines. Since xDSL works at the physical layer, it could rise as the most financially savvy technique for conveying outline hand-off traffic from the administration subscriver to the casing hand-off system. Similarly as with outline hand-off the xDSL innovations can likewise be utilized to convey ATM cells to an ATM get to gadget, where they are factually mulltiplexed over an ATM spine. Advanced Subscriber Line, or DSL, is in a general sense another name for an ISDN-BRI channel working at the Basic Rate Interface with two 64 kbps exchanged channels and one 16 kbps parcel exchanging and flagging channel. This circuit can convey both voice and information in the two bearings simultaneously. xDSL alludes to those different game plans wherein progressed adjusting methods are forced onto the neighborhood divert so as to determine higher throughput in one or the two headings. The different sorts of xDSL are portrayed in the accompanying passages. High-piece rate Digital Subscriber Line (HDSL) gets its name from the high transfer speed that is transmitted in the two bearings more than two copper circles. HDSL has demonstrated to be a dependable and savvy implies for giving repeater-less T1 and E1 benefits more than two curved pair circles. This demonstrated innovation has just brought about the organization of more than 300,000 HDSL prepared circuits all through the neighborhood get to framework. HDSL handsets can dependably transmit a 2.048 Mbps information signal more than two non-stacked, 24 measure (0.5mm), unconditioned turned wire pair circles a ways off of up to 13 kft (4.2 km) without the requirement for repeaters. Taking out the requirement for repeater gear and evacuation of crossed over taps fundamentally improves the work and designing exertion to arrangement the administration. This ascribe disposes of the need to recognize, adjust, and check a controlled situation, with power, made sure about access, and differen t elements expected to help repeater gear. It additionally decreases the time, cost, and exertion of separating shortcomings and making restorative move when a disappointment happens. Studies by some specialist organizations experience showed that difficulty shooting and supplanting flawed repeater hardware frequently costs fundamentally more than the expense of the gear itself. These characteristics convert into expanded system up time and diminished designing time; making conceivable T1 provisioning surprisingly fast, rather than weeks. Quicker assistance provisioning and more prominent up time prompts expanded consumer loyalty and expanded help incomes. To arrangement a 12 kft (3.6 km) neighborhood circle with customary T1 transmission hardware requires two handsets and two repeaters. To arrangement a similar circle with HDSL, requires just two HDSL handsets, one at each finish of a line. .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56 , .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56 .postImageUrl , .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56 .focused content territory { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56 , .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56:hover , .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56:visited , .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56:active { border:0!important; } .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .ub00818136e70754ac4394ed6e965ea56 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: haziness 250ms; webkit-progress: mistiness

Humzah Butt Essays - Food And Drink, Soft Drinks, Orbitz

Humzah Butt Promoting 1100 Name of Product: Orbitz Soda (Manufactured by Clearly Food Beverage Company of Canada) Orbitz Soda is a pop while its fundamental capacity is to be a refreshment for the general population. Orbitz Soda propelled in 1996 and afterward fizzled and vanished in 1997 The item was showcased as a texturally improved elective refreshment and was referred to the general population as a drinking astro light because of the palatable balls that were available in the beverage. There was no particular objective crowd for this beverage. The item flopped because of the fundamental reality that it had a repulsive taste. Lion's share of individuals who attempted the beverage contrasted the taste with Pine-Sol or hack syrup. The item isn't back available however some can say that the air pocket tea is an interpretation of Orbitz soft drink in present time. On the off chance that the organization really made the beverage great tasting, Orbitz drink would even now be available today. The item would be fruitful today just on the off chance that it had a decent taste else it would slump in 2017 also.

Fiscal Policy

Fiscal Policy Fiscal Policy Home›Economics Posts›Fiscal Policy Economics PostsEconomic crises are not a new phenomenon in both the local and international scene. From the time of the great depression that ensued following the Second World War to recent recessions, governments have found themselves in the verge of deterioration following a looming economic predicament. Such times have prompted a need to make sound economic decisions to offer a lasting solution though many a times the remedy has always been a short-lived one. A government will embark on several strategies to alleviate such conditions. The well known tactic is the fiscal policy. This is the use of government expenditure, taxation and borrowing to manipulate both the pattern of economic activity and also the level and augmentation of aggregate demand, productivity and employment.There are two approaches to the fiscal policy- the Keynesian and the monetary system approaches. This essay focuses on a Keynesian Economist approach to stimulate the economy of a country in the dawn of an economic recession. The Keynesian school argues that fiscal policy operates best when the economy is operating below full capacity national production and where there is a need for the provision of a demand-stimulus to the economy. In that regard, there is a clear and justified role of the government in improving the economy (Riley 1).Some stimulation strategies are better than others are because in addition to improving the economy, they also aid in achieving extra strategic goals. This is exclusively true of transportation investments. They result to durable facilities that have great, long-term leverage effect (O’ Fallon 23). Transport investments are generally of two types-highway expansion and multi-modal improvements. However, of the two, the latter is more beneficial than its counterpart is. A fiscal policy embarking on improvement of multi-modal systems of transports focuses on several areas. Spending is mainstreamed to road maintenance, walking, cycling and public transit improvements. These investments have a number of far reaching impacts in terms of land use, transport and economy (Litman 3).In terms of land use, it will lead to more development within existing urban areas or new transit oriented suburban. In the case of transport, this shrewd investment will result to less automobile ownership and use, lower traffic speeds, more walking, cycling and transit travel and less per capita congestion delays since residents will travel less during peak periods. In terms of the economy, investment in multi-modal improvement will lower transport and fuel per capita expenditures, reduced road and parking requirements (Nelson et al. 12). Above all, it will lead to improved physical fitness and health. Therefore, the government has every reason to spend on public transport as that will contribute to a holistic growth by creating jobs in the transport sector and increasing health and environmental benefits to its citizens.

Essay on Humanistic Psychology - 1101 Words

Augustine was a saint and philosopher. Some of Augustine’s thought can be related to the practice of humanistic psychology. My professional focus is the psychotherapy category called Humanistic-Experiential. Humanistic-Experiential therapies are, â€Å"psychotherapies emphasizing personal growth and self-direction† (Butcher, et al, 2006). The humanistic approach places primary importance upon human interests, values, and most importantly the belief in human potentials (Schultz Schultz, 2009, pp297). Augustine’s idea of knowledge and understanding confront human problems of thinking and behavior. Humanistic psychology is able to help address the complexity of happiness and love according to Augustine. Humanistic theories are growth oriented,†¦show more content†¦The highest level of knowledge is the knowledge of God. According to Augustine, happiness is the ultimate goal of human behavior (Stumpf, pp65). We must go beyond just the natural world to the spiritual in order to experience happiness. It is the consequence of our human condition that we seek happiness. We are incomplete as humans separate from God; therefore, can only find happiness in God â€Å"since we were made by him to find it in him† (Stumpf, pp66). Humans search for happiness through love. It is inevitable for people to love because it is a condition of our incompleteness. We can love objects, others, and ourselves. Different human needs prompt different acts of love (Stumpf, pp66). Some of these needs are positive regard, unconditional positive regard, and positive self-regard. Positive regard is given to infants and children from the primary care-giver. Unconditional positive regard occurs when approval is granted regardless of a person’s behavior (Schultz Schultz, pp330). From these needs, stems the reciprocal idea of positive regard. Objects are able to give a limited amount of satisfaction. However, the deep need for human companionship is only met with relationship. Inanimate objects cannot substitute for a human being. The spiritual need should prompt our love of God (Stumpf, pp67). People are made to love God, and God is infinite. Only God can satisfy the precise need for the infinite. Love of these things brings anShow MoreRelatedHumanistic Psychology Essay1421 Words   |  6 PagesClassical Greece and Europe of the Renaissance, when such affirmations were expressed. Humanistic Psychology is a contemporary manifestation of that ongoing commitment. Its message is a response to the denigration of the human spirit that has so often been implied in the image of the person drawn by behavioral and social sciences. Ivan Pavlovs work with the conditioned reflex had given birth to an academic psychology in the United States led by John Watson, which came to be called the science of behaviorRead More Humanistic Psychology Essay1424 Words   |  6 PagesClassical Greece and Europe of the Renaissance, when such affirmations were expressed. Humanistic Psychology is a contemporary manifestation of that ongoing commitment. Its message is a response to the denigration of the human spirit that has so often been implied in the image of the person drawn by behavioral and social sciences. Ivan Pavlovs work with the conditioned reflex had given birth to an academic psychology in the United States led by John Watson, which came to be called quot;the scienceRead MoreHumanistic Psychology Essay1631 Words   |  7 Pagescontributions to psychology, it has influenced the understanding and practices of the humanistic movement, specifically with the therapies for the different mental disorders. Psychoanalysis understands the unconscious behavior, behaviorism focuses on the conditioning process that produces behavior. Humanistic psychology focuses on the persons potential to act as a whole person in a nurturing environment by choice with receiving a positive way of life. The Humanistic Movement and PersonRead MoreThe Values Of Humanistic Psychology767 Words   |  4 Pagesvalues of Humanistic Psychology is its emphasis on human potential for growth. The perspective is hopeful one. It does not mean that humanistic psychologists overlook challenge and darkness in people’s lives (see Hoffman, 2009). I believe that our choice to value individual potential for growth and actualization provides openings for discovering the value(s) of challenges we face in life. Hoffman, E. (2009). Rollo May on Maslow and Rogers: No theory of evil. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 49(4)Read MorePsychodynamic And Humanistic Theories Of Psychology1634 Words   |  7 PagesPsychodynamic and Humanistic Personality Theories The study of the human mind is an interesting topic to discuss about, we have many theorists that have come up with many different ideas or theories, in how to evaluate the mind of humans, two main ways to study the mind in psychology are psychodynamic approach and humanistic approach. Even though these theories are to evaluate human minds they have different views in how the mind works. In psychodynamic approach, the way the mind is viewed is thatRead MorePersonality, Psychology, And Humanistic Approach1362 Words   |  6 Pageshuman being (boundless.com). That is one of many ways of defining personality. When examining personality, there are four main approachable theories including: The Psychodynamic Approach, The Trait Approach, The Social-Cognitive Approach, and The Humanistic Approach. The Psychodynamic Approach was first approach by Sigmund Freud; he dealt with the understanding that personality came from our unconscious state of mind. And that unconscious state interacted to determine our thoughts, behaviors, andRead MoreHumanistic Psychology Essay examples1165 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen increasingly popular from the mid-20th century. In the early 1960s, a movement named third-force psychology started as a reaction to the defect of behaviorism and psychoanalysis to deal fully with the human condition (Hergenhahn, 2008). This third-force movement is humanistic psychology, which refers to the combination of the philosophy of romanticism and existentialism. Humanistic psychology instead paid more attention to each individuals potentials and highlighted the importance of self-actualizationRead MoreOverview of Humanistic Psychology Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pages Humanistic Psychology is a psychological perspective that highlights the study of a person in whole. These psychologist look at human behavior not just through the eyes of the viewer, but also through the eyes of the client that has the behavior. These psychologist believe that an individuals behavior is associated to his or her intimate feelings and their self image. Humanistic psychologist accepts human beings are not just a commodity of the environment. These psychologist study human meaningsRead MoreHumanistic Psychology : Psychology And Psychology1748 Words   |  7 PagesHumanistic Psychology is a psychological sub-field which became prominent in the 20th century as a response to the limitations of the psychoanalytic theory and behaviorism (Cherry, n.d.). The main purpose is to help patients gain a belief that all people are inheritably good. Its roots starts with Socrates and emphasizes an individual’s inherent drive towards self-actualization. Humanistic psychology utilizes a holistic approach to human existence and focuses on things such as creativity, free willRea d MoreHumanistic Psychology And The Other Disciplines Essay1533 Words   |  7 PagesHumanistic psychology was created as a response to the limitations of the two forces already established, psychoanalytic and behaviorist psychology. One of the biggest differences between humanistic psychology and the other disciplines is that it views humanity in a holistic and optimistic manner rather than in fragmentations. One of the most significant and founding theorists of this humanism force was Carl Rogers. His contributions to the field, research on personality, and his psychotherapy techniques

Religion And Politics The Dwindling Of Secularism

Religion and Politics: The Dwindling of Secularism Everyone has morals and beliefs that set a baseline for what they value. Values vary between individuals, but for many, religion is the root from where these values stem. While it is good to morally question, today personal religious affiliation is increasing in collective matters and actions, expressed in politics, protests, and biased beliefs. It is important to note that religion and politics are two different domains that should not intermingle. Religion is a personal ideology while politics embodies a rational, collective process. Good politics are policy oriented and not concerned with external factors related to politicians and their personal lives. Contemporary politics do not hold the same political legitimacy that it intended to have at the founding, and increasing religious activism in the political process is a large contributor to the corresponding decline. Policy and religion have different ends. The former is geared towards justice and order, while the latter towards à ¢â‚¬Å"a purpose beyond all human purposes†. These domains hold different objectives and therefore have no reason to be intertwined, for â€Å"the cornerstone on which the separation of church and state rests . . . is the belief that religion cannot be involved with politics or politics with a particular religion without threatening their mutual destruction† (Thompson 14). America is a nation that takes pride in its exceptionalism, for the statutes of theShow MoreRelatedDubais Political and Economic Development: Essay38738 Words   |  155 Pagespurpose of further drawing out the factors which have led to Dubais development outcome. The first such case will be Saudi Arabia. It is appropriate because while it shares many of Dubais characteristics, such as its Arab ethnicity, its Islamic religion, its monarchic, authoritarian political system, and its oil rents, it has had much higher degrees of politically instability and a comparatively weak economy. To control for thi s states large size in relation to Dubai and the U.A.E., an examinationRead MoreGeorge Orwell23689 Words   |  95 Pagessects only influenced minorities. And yet they have retained a deep tinge of Christian feeling, while almost forgetting the name of Christ. The power-worship which is the new religion of Europe, and which has infected the English intelligentsia, has never touched the common people. They have never caught up with power politics. The ‘realism’ which is preached in Japanese and Italian newspapers would horrify them. One can learn a good deal about the spirit of England from the comic coloured postcardsRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesHistory and Public Memories Tiffany Ruby Patterson, Zora Neale Hurston and a History of Southern Life Lisa M. Fine, The Story of Reo Joe: Work, Kin, and Community in Autotown, U.S.A. Van Gosse and Richard Moser, eds., The World the Sixties Made: Politics and Culture in Recent America Joanne Meyerowitz, ed., History and September 11th John McMillian and Paul Buhle, eds., The New Left Revisited David M. Scobey, Empire City: The Making and Meaning of the New York City Landscape Gerda Lerner, Fireweed:Read MorePrimary Sector of Economy17717 Words   |  71 Pageswith significant future potential such as solar, wind and biofuels (jatropha, sugarcane). Indias huge thorium reserves  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ about 25% of worlds reserves  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ are expected to fuel the countrys ambitious nuclear energy program in the long-run. Indias dwindling uranium reserves stagnated the growth of nuclear energy in the country for many years.[99] However, the Indo-US nuclear deal has paved the way for India to import uranium from other countries.[100] [edit] Infrastructure India has the worlds third

Essay about Biblical Themes in Shakespeares the Tempest

Biblical Themes in Shakespeares The Tempest Shakespeare is one of the most prolific and admired writers who ever lived. He certainly knew his craft and was familiar with all of the literature available at the time. One of the greatest books ever written was of course the bible. Written over the course of more than a thousand years it is a miracle in itself that the book exists. Shakespeare knew his bible, and his work often incorporated and examined biblical themes. Shakespeares last completed work was The Tempest, and it is as complex and deeply moving as any of his works. Readers of the play respond on a much deeper level than the literal. In and of itself it is actually a very simple tale, it is the characters who are†¦show more content†¦Corruption and brutality are evil and problematic in the end for the power wielder, as when Pharaoh and all his subjects lose their firstborn children to the wrath of God for their mistreatment of his chosen people. Gonzalo is representative of the righteous power figure; he helped Prospero and his daughter to escape after Antonio usurped Prosperos title. Alonso represents the negative, or corruption of power; he aided Antonio in usurping Prosperos power. Prospero mirrors both in the differing ways he treats Ariel and Caliban. A case can certainly be made that it is precisely because of Prosperos treatment differs so does the servants willingness to serve differ. Shakespeares Prospero also mirrors Joseph from Genesis. Both characters are betrayed by their brothers and cast out into exile from their homes. Both characters are transformed by their exile. Prospero like all who visit the island is changed by it, and Joseph is transformed from lowliest slave or prisoner to mighty lieutenant of Potiphar or Pharaoh. Lois Feuer states, self-redemption, so crucial to our understanding of the protagonists, comes as each returns himself to the social context (Milan; the group of brothers and father) from which he has been isolated. (2.) The theme of mercy and retribution is developed throughout the bible. Both Joseph and Prospero chose not to take advantage of their power to seek revenge uponShow MoreRelated biblical themes in shakespeares the tempest Essay1713 Words   |  7 Pages Biblical Themes in Shakespeare’s The Tempest nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Shakespeare is one of the most prolific and admired writers who ever lived. He certainly knew his craft and was familiar with all of the literature available at the time. One of the greatest books ever written was of course the bible. Written over the course of more than a thousand years it is a miracle in itself that the book exists. Shakespeare knew his bible, and his work often incorporated and examined biblical themesRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Tragicomedy The Tempest1935 Words   |  8 PagesLiterary texts rarely stand alone, frequently including elements from other influences. William Shakespeare’s tragicomedy The Tempest (c:1611) is a play that uses intertextuality to enhance ideas about natural order. Banished to an island, Prospero, the rightful Duke of Milan, conjures up a tempest that brings him his usurping brother, Antonio in an attempt to restore his Dukedom. The play’s amalgamation of tragicomedy and the pastoral genre allows Shakespeare to warn his audience about unbalanceRead More A Comparison of Justice in The Tempest and Merchant of Venice738 Words   |  3 PagesJustice in The Tempest and Merchant of Venice nbsp; In both Merchant of Venice and The Tempest, Shakespeare proposes ideas of justice and mercy that hold true in both plays. In order to see if the actions taken were just and/or merciful, definitions of these words must be set up. If we were to assume that Shakespeares definition of mercy was what Portia espoused in act four, scene one, specifically lines 205 - 206, the definition of mercy must be viewed in a biblical sense. Thus, in orderRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Othello And The English Language1649 Words   |  7 Pagesinfluential and greatest writers up to this day in poetry and the English language. Known, for his many acclaimed works such as his famous plays, â€Å"Othello,† â€Å"King Lear,† and â€Å"Romeo and Juliet† etc. More than four hundred years have passed and William Shakespeare’s work still alive as if it was during the early ages of Shakespeare work. Shakespeare influenced ranges from literature, theater, films and even the English lan guage. Especially, now days in the education system without Shakespeare, English andRead MoreSymbolism In The Masque Of The Red Death766 Words   |  4 PagesThe Masque of the Red Death Poe often gives memory the power to keep the dead alive. Which in the short story Poe distorts the aspect of death. By creating a memory as the trigger that reawakens death Poe reveals the theme of the story; that no matter the persons social class death comes for us all. In Edgar Allan Poe’s short story â€Å"The Masque of the Red Death† he uses literary elements such as allusion, symbolism, and allegory to convey that death is inevitable. In the short story, Poe usesRead MoreAn Explication of Shakespeare’s â€Å"Let me not to the marriage of true minds†852 Words   |  4 PagesAn Explication of Shakespeare’s â€Å"Let me not to the marriage of true minds† The sonnet begins with the poet making a declaration of his belief in love. In line one he refers to a â€Å"marriage of true minds† (1). The choice of the word â€Å"true† here is interesting as it has many possible meanings. Did he intend for us to think of true as meaning correct, exact, or precise? These are not the meanings that come to mind when we talk about love. In keeping with the theme of love we see that the meaningRead MoreIntertextuality In The Waste Land And The Hollow Man1435 Words   |  6 PagesT.S. Eliot concerned himself with the direction the twentieth century was taking following the impact of cataclysmic events during his lifetime. In order to address what he felt was lacking in society, he wrote his poems to embody themes and concepts from other works molding together this patchwork of myths, legends, and literary references. He subjected a chaotic message onto the order and stability of known works and history to embody human behavior. â⠂¬Å"The Waste Land† and â€Å"The Hollow Men† displaysRead More A Comparison of God and Satan in Paradise Lost Essay1571 Words   |  7 PagesComparison of God and Satan in Paradise Lost      Ã‚   In this essay I shall be focusing on the characters of G-d and Satan from Paradise Lost by John Milton.   Within the essay I shall be attempting to elucidate on the themes of ambiguity of the two characters as well as the uncertainty of moral integrity of each, characterized by Johns Miltons use of sentence structure, private thoughts and symbolism.    Foremost I would like to look at the way the way in which Milton characterizes theRead More The Seriousness of in Shakespeares Comedy of Errors Essay examples1916 Words   |  8 Pagestook (and doubled) the comic slave who suffers a loss of self-certainty, a wife facing inadvertent adultery with a doppelganger, and a golden gift, a cup that Shakespeare transforms into a chain (Riehle 36-40). From both plays he took comic routines, themes of suspicion and strai For example, by changing the Menaechmis chatty and expository prologue into a sad tale of family separation mourned by Aegeon, he places the tale itself squarely into the middle of the action, in the immediate present. EvenRead More Love in To His Coy Mistress, Shall I Compare Thee, Let Me Not, and The Flea3166 Words   |  13 Pagesthem to seize the day and sleep with each other. Flattery is shown in the poem when Marvell says, â€Å"Thine eyes, and on thy forehead gaze, Two hundred to adore each breast.† The main purpose of ‘Shall I Compare Thee’ is to praise and flatter Shakespeare’s loved one. Shakespeare is praising his mistress when he says she is ‘better than the best’ because summer is the best time of the year and Shakespeare is saying she is better than summer. â€Å"Thou art more lovely and more temperate† shows that

Strategy Deployment in Business Units †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Strategy Deployment in Business Units. Answer: Introduction Many organizations around the world have expanded their business in different countries. As such those countries have their own working culture and types of employees who are native to that place and are different in culture and behavior (Huang et al. 2017). To manage the work which will be done in offices of foreign countries there is a need to train and staff those offices according to the working environment in that particular country. It forms the most key component of the management of human resource on the international level determines the success and failure of the organization in international business. The main function of an organization in this perspective is to hire, train and prepare their employees and to compensate them with programs of performance management (Huang et al. 2017). A few years back, expanding the company to global level was considered to be a luxury which very few companies could afford due to their nature of the business or due to their strong balance sheet. But in todays world going global has become a need for any company to survive because depending upon the market opportunities of any one country may prove to be problematic in the long run. There are many risks in doing business in just one economic scenario which makes the business dependent on the local economic environment. With the passage of time, any business done on local level gets threatened by competition. These factors have laid a path of globalizing the business for major players in the market and has proved to be beneficial for many. With the development of technology especially in the field of communication and information managing business in another country has become easier. These innovations have brought a revolutionary trend in the trade market as every company capable of expanding its business is now game for establishing an office or two in the foreign countries. But when this expansion or migration happens there comes a need for hiring, training and maintaining staff which is done by human resource managers by formulating human resource policies. The following business report contains the nitty-gritty of the importance of efficient staffing methods adopted by a company which intends to operate its business in the foreign land (Demeter 2017). The entire process includes staffing, training and compensating workers who will perform business operations in foreign offices and their methods of managing expatriates. Factors of selection are also discussed in details. Need for hiring for Global Operations In todays world, top officials of all the multinational companies have realized the need and importance of an effective human resource management to stay ahead in the competitive business environment and gain profit for their business (Anand and Gray 2017). Human resource has become the key to improving business prospects in the international market and has been given more emphasis by the stakeholders. Their main focus has been on formulating policies which can help them in hiring, managing and retaining employees who are like assets to their company. This practice gives them the competitive advantage as these employees get well versed and experienced in managing global operations (Panda 2017). There are some factors which determine the success of the international business of a company which is the level of internationalization, the global scope of a specific company and a particular choice of the organization. When a company doing business in its base country suddenly expands its business at the global level, their staff start operating in different countries with no prior experience or expertise in that dimension (Anand and Gray 2017). This creates operational hazards in the company which can be loss bearing. Therefore, there is a need for these companies to hire such employees who are dynamic and can quickly adapt themselves in multinational environments. Need for global staffing has become prominent due to the reasons that organizations have realized the importance of hiring employees at a higher level with international exposure, hiring is more complex when it comes to international standards, the performance of expatriates and development of multicultural workforce at the global level (Panda 2017). Staffing for Foreign Operations When it comes to global hiring, companies are keen to have different global staff types and require definite approaches and policies of hiring. There are three main categories of which the global staffs are put which are third-country nationals, host-country experts, and expatriates. A host-country expert is a citizen of the country in which the satellite office of the company is situated (Zhou 2015). An expatriate is an employee of the organization who is a citizen of the country where the company is headquartered. As the name goes a third country national is an employee who is a citizen of one country, working in another country but is employed by the company established in a third country. Global staffing of a company depends on the factor of its internationalization stage and other factors which are determined by the four basic approaches of staffing. These approaches are ethnocentric, geo-centric, regiocentric and polycentric. Each of these staffing approaches is unique in itself and respond to different challenges and createsvariety of opportunities in the context of international operations (Elliott, Li and Ghosh 2017). Since the company is more or less oblivious to the rules and regulations of taxation and other company laws which are prevalent in the respective country, the hiring of employees from that particular country becomes important. It is because the local citizens of any specific country have knowledge about the existing laws and regulations of their country which makes the business operations of the company hassle free (Zhou 2015). The four approaches of global staffing are discussed below. This approach is mainly adopted by the companies to hire officials at the higher management levels in the foreign country. The company is known to put employees of the home country at senior managerial positions in the foreign office. This notion is believed that home-country issues will have more weight than the local issues and the expatriates will be inclined towards representing opinions of the home-office (Elliott, Li and Ghosh 2017). It is important to keep a leash on the operations of the foreign office from the home-office so that the business authority does not get disoriented. Mainly, the ethnocentric approach is adopted by the companies when they are at a certain level of internationalization or tend to have strategic expansion. This approach is centered for filling key managerial positions by the employees of the parent country. When the company adopts this approach, it has been observed that home-based employees, policies and practices are considered to be superior, to the foreigners who are working in another country who is said to be second class (Marino, Aversa and Mesquita 2013). This approach is considered to be the best when a company is in its early expansion phase and needs more control and authority in its new office. It can be justified that parent country officials know the goals and policies of the organization better than the foreigners and they design the flow of operations in their own familiar way. This approach is also used when there is an inadequate hiring of local officials who try to change the basic business operations of the company. Polycentric Approach On the contrary of ethnocentric approach, the polycentric approach focuses on staffing employees who are local talent. According to this philosophy, a company who follows this approach tends to staff foreign offices with citizens of that particular country and hire citizens of the parent company for their home offices (Marino, Aversa and Mesquita 2013). In this approach, local citizens are given important managerial posts in the offices of their own country. It becomes the part of a multinational strategy which is adopted by the companies in their expansion phase. It seems to be relevant as the local citizens tend to know the local business trends and culture, local competition, demands of the people and local market. This makes that foreign subsidiary almost independent in which the local managers are the key aspects (Roh et al. 2017). There are many advantages of this approach which takes the business of subsidiary office to the next level. This approach facilitates strong familiarity of operations of business with the local customs and traditions. It bypasses the problem of language barrier without a doubt which helps in accomplishing expatriate goals (Roh et al. 2017). Staffing local people at the top positions, a company wins over the hearts and minds of the local government and people who start to believe that the company can be trusted and can prove to be beneficial in doing business with. There are some regulations in different countries about the percentage of employment of local staff which needs to be complied without which business operations will not be possible (Schlickel 2015). This approach caters to that issue with much ease. Regiocentric Approach As the name suggests, this approach is based on the notion of hiring people from regional levels. The philosophy behind this approach is that the employee which is to be hired should be best in the region (Sparrow, Brewster and Chong 2017). It is observed that regiocentric approach is a wider form of polycentric approach as it ranges to large regions of the world in which the managers are allowed to transit between the business modules established in different countries of the same region. It is mainly practiced in the European Union. This approach allows the mixture of host-country nationals, parent country nationals, and expatriates to be posted in any region according to the need of the business operations. This gives makes the global operations more dynamic (Sparrow, Brewster and Chong 2017). According to (Oshri, Kotlarsky and Willcocks 2015) the regiocentric approach is becoming more popular among the multinational companies and they are changing their business operations on the guidelines of regional hiring. One of the major reason for this paradigm shift is the low cost of support services which were duplicated in other approaches. It has been observed that most of the multinational companies adopt regiocentric approach and practice their business operations in a particular region and also derive revenue from specific regions only. But there is a downside to this approach as the managers who are practicing this approach would focus and apply their talent in small regions only and will not expand their scope outside their regions of strength (Oshri, Kotlarsky and Willcocks 2015). This forfeits the entire concept of internationalization to some extent. This approach is neutral of the place of company establishment and citizenship of an employee. It is more of a merit-based staffing approach in which the employees who are best in their job domains are placed at top managerial positions (Nguyen 2017). The company focuses on building up a robust international management team in which the employees are free to move in nearby countries. This approach is also known as the global approach as employees are hired from all around the world irrespective of their nationality in the same country as that of the host company (Nguyen 2017). It is also termed as the colorblind approach as the color of the passport a manager carries does not matter to the higher management which indicates that the manager can be a parent, third or a host country national. It is the most appropriate staffing approach if a company wants to make a global operational team competent enough to handle business operation in any corner of the world (Stahl, Mendenhall and Oddou 2012). But the company also needs to keep in mind the costs of operations, the practice of global business and variations in culture. When there are no restrictions on the nationality of employees at the time of hiring then it opens up a big pool of professionals who are experts in their respective fields and know the international business operations of different countries and are up for hiring. This proves to be the most beneficial approach in the long run for any organization. This adds to the diversity of managers of an organization (Stahl, Mendenhall and Oddou 2012). Factors of selection for foreign employees The success and failure of international business operations of an organization depend on the selection of employees (Bumblauskas 2017). The selection process must be overseen by the experienced top management officials as the process should portray a clear picture of the nature of work and operations which will be performed in the organization and the conditions of work in which the employees will be sent (Slack, Brandon-Jones and Johnston 2017). It is the task of human resource management team to formulate a policy for hiring in which the requirement of business operations is identified. This will pinpoint the type of expertise and qualifications of employees needed for the job. Factors of consideration at the time of recruitment of employees are the ability of an employee to get the job done, personal character and commitment towards the job, skills of communication which includes knowledge of different languages and ethical perspectives for honest working (Slack, Brandon-Jones and Johnston 2017). The opinion of the employee about different cultures existing in the world is also important for his adaptability. The cultural adjustments which the employee has to make, contain aspects such as cultural awareness, cultural adaptability, acceptance of diversity, and global experiences. Personal characteristics of the employee should be endowed with emotional stability, tolerance of ambiguity, capacity to take risks and capability to cope with stress (Bumblauskas 2017). Some organizational requirements for getting hired are knowledge of work in an organization, technical abilities, and skills which can be used in doing the job. There should be some communication skills which are mainly concerned with the capability of language understanding, non-verbal awareness, listening and coaching and skills to resolve conflicts in the organization (Lee and Tang 2017). Expansion and training for expatriates Expatriates alone cannot be successful, so they need coaching and training to perform global operations. From time to time, to maintain the level of competence all employees maybe at any level of management need to be trained and upgrade their knowledge base and skillset. I case of global operations training is the most critical issue which determines the success and failure of the organization. According to (Lee and Tang 2017) expatriates experience cross-cultural diversity which ends up in circumstances to which the employee is oblivious. No pre-departure training can vet them to handle problems which they may face in a foreign land. But to some extent, pre-departure training can give them the idea about the nature of encounters which they may face and they can prepare themselves accordingly. After going to foreign land for the purpose of work an expatriate has to maintain many relationships inside and outside the organization (Pashaei and Olhager 2017). Some of these are family relation, global and local relation, internal relation, relation with headquarter and relation with the government of host country. It is due to this reason that expatriates need to be culturally trained and instructed in linguistics to be accustomed to the day to day lifestyle of the respective country (Ito and Ikeuchi 2017). Some people are reluctant to live in certain countries due to the climate of that country or eating habits of that person which does not allow them to survive for much longer. These restrictions should not be there if one intends to work in a multinational organization and should be employable anywhere around the world. Cross-cultural Training According to (Ernst and Viegelahn 2014) cross-cultural training of employees is both important as well as a complex philosophy. This type of training helps the expatriates a lot in getting used to the culture and customs of the host country and saves them from the cultural shock which they can experience. First of all, there is a sense of despair and anxiety in the minds of employees who leave their homeland to work in a foreign country. There are many barriers they have to overcome in a very short period of time (Miemczyk 2012). Moreover, the difference in culture makes them feel insecure about the understanding of nature of people and customs prevalent in the host country. Cross-cultural training gives them the idea of the culture in which they are going to work so that the employees can figure out the way to adapt themselves and do not get surprised by new customs (Bills, Di Stasio and Grxhani 2017). This training includes teachings about the values which are sacrosanct in other culture, what is the historical, political and economic stance of the other culture, how the values of the other culture can be expressed through attitudes and behaviors. The expatriates who attend the cross-cultural training benefit a great deal from it as they learn to increase their social quotient, styles of management, structure management, planning in a strategic manner, skills of management and enhance their knowledge in the field of technology (Zachary 2013). Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discussion that global business operations have become a very vital part of business strategy in the recent years. There has been a change in trend when it comes to trading at the global level. Almost all the multinational companies have expanded their business units from their home country to other foreign countries keeping their subsidiary offices in important cities in the world. To run business in different parts of the world the employees should be staffed, maintained and trained in such a way that they could be competent and can bring profits to the company. For that purpose, human resource management team has to draw some policies and adopt some staffing approaches which can help them in establishing a framework of international operations through their staffs and employees. The kind of staff which will be recruited depends mainly on the level of business a company is doing and the stage of internationalization it is in. After observing these two factors it is found that what kind of staffing approach will be appropriate to apply which can yield the best results according to the circumstances. It was observed from the above discussion that the nature of approach determines the success and failure of international operations of the company. Finally, there are some requirements of the company which is expected from the employees to have in order to be employed and works in the global environment and they are needed to comply with those requirements for their own benefits. Before posting the employees in a foreign land and in unknown situations all multinational companies provide them training of different work aspects and vet them to adapt to unfamiliar situations. It can be summed up to say that every company who wants to expand its base from home country to the global level needs to have a robust HR team to staff, train, maintain and compensate employees for global business operations. Reference Anand, G. and Gray, J. 2017. Strategy and organization research in operations management.Journal of Operations Management. Bills, D., Di Stasio, V. and Grxhani, K. 2017. The Demand Side of Hiring: Employers in the Labor Market.Annual Review of Sociology, 43(1), pp.291-310. Bumblauskas, D. 2017. Sustainable operations management and benchmarking in brewing: A factor weighting approach.Journal of Operations and Supply Chain Management, 10(1), p.55. Demeter, K. 2017. Research in global operations management: some highlights and potential future trends.Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 28(3), pp.324-333. Elliott, C., Li, J. and Ghosh, R. 2017. Human Resource Development International: a celebration of the journals first 20 years.Human Resource Development International, 20(5), pp.347-349. Ernst, E. and Viegelahn, C. 2014. Hiring Uncertainty: A New Labour Market Indicator.SSRN Electronic Journal. Huang, J., Mandelbaum, A., Zhang, H. and Zhang, J. 2017. Refined Models for Efficiency-Driven Queues with Applications to Delay Announcements and Staffing.Operations Research, 65(5), pp.1380-1397. Ito, K. and Ikeuchi, K. 2017. Overseas Expansion and Domestic Business Restructuring in Japanese Firms.The Developing Economies, 55(2), pp.75-104. Lee, H. and Tang, C. 2017. Socially and Environmentally Responsible Value Chain Innovations: New Operations Management Research Opportunities.Management Science. Marino, A., Aversa, P. and Mesquita, L. 2013. Fast Enough But Not Too Fast: Adaptive vs. Pioneering Strategies in Turbulent Environments.Academy of Management Proceedings, 2013(1), pp.12553-12553. Miemczyk, J. 2012. An Agenda for Sustainable Operations and Supply Chain Management Research.Brazilian Journal of Operations Production Management, 9(2), pp.15-25. Mikler, J. 2013. Global Companies and Emerging Market Economies.Global Policy, 4(2), pp.160-161. Nguyen, H. 2017.Strategic international human resource management. Warsaw: Wydawnictwo Ementon. Nyameboame, J. and Haddud, A. 2017. Exploring the impact of outsourcing on organizational performance.Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, pp.00-00. Oshri, I., Kotlarsky, J. and Willcocks, L. 2015.The handbook of global outsourcing and offshoring. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. Panda, D. 2017. Coevolution and coexistence of cooperation and competition in interorganizational collaboration.Journal of Global Operations and Strategic Sourcing, 10(1), pp.18-41. Pashaei, S. and Olhager, J. 2017. The impact of global operations on product architecture: an exploratory study.International Journal of Operations Production Management, pp.00-00. Roh, J., Turkulainen, V., Whipple, J. and Swink, M. 2017. Organizational design change in multinational supply chain organizations.The International Journal of Logistics Management, pp.00-00. Schlickel, M. 2015.Strategy deployment in business units. [Place of publication not identified]: Physica Springer. Slack, N., Brandon-Jones, A. and Johnston, R. 2017.Operations management. Cape Town: Pearson. Sparrow, P., Brewster, C. and Chong, C. 2017.Globalizing human resource management. New York: Routledge. Stahl, G., Mendenhall, M. and Oddou, G. 2012.Readings and cases in international human resource management and organizational behavior. New York: Routledge. Zachary, G. 2013. The new global hiring hall [Spectral Lines].IEEE Spectrum, 50(11), pp.8-8. Zhou, Y. 2015. Supervising Across Borders: The Case of Multinational Hierarchies.Organization Science, 26(1), pp.277-292.

Terrible Honesty Mongrel Manhattan in the 1920s free essay sample

This paper discusses the portrayal of the atmosphere that characterized the era known as Prohibition in Ann Douglass book, Terrible Honesty: Mongrel Manhattan in the 1920s. This paper examines a passage in Ann Douglass book, Terrible Honesty, that deals with New Yorkers flaunting their defiance of Prohibition in the 1920s. The writer looks at the language of the passage itself and discusses the significance of the choice of words and phrases. The passage itself is reflective of New York during the period of Prohibition when there was excitement in just doing something illegal. Prohibition is a theme that comes up throughout the book and this particular passage on page 101, touches upon how life was changing during this period in history. According to the author, this passage serves as a bridge between the past and how the technological advances affected life as it had been known in the big city. We will write a custom essay sample on Terrible Honesty: Mongrel Manhattan in the 1920s or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Prohibition figures so prominently in this book because it was an important and heated issue, but as we have seen, it was also related to politics, suffrage, religion, and many other highly emotional issues. It was not just about getting a drink on a Saturday night, it was about the right of women to vote, to worship where you choose, and make your own personal decisions. It was an issue of too many laws, and the government trying to tell people how to live their personal lives. Drinking may be addictive and dangerous, but people have the basic right to choose, and if they choose to smoke, or drink, or vote, or visit a specific church, they have the right, and they may also have to suffer the consequences.

Molarity of Ions Example Problem

Molarity of Ions Example Problem This example problem demonstrates how to calculate the molarity of ions in an aqueous solution. Molarity is a concentration in terms of moles per liter of solution. Because an ionic compound dissociates into its components cations and anions in solution, the key to the problem is identifying how many moles of ions are produced during dissolution. Molar Concentration of Ions Problem A solution is prepared by dissolving 9.82 grams of copper chloride (CuCl2) in enough water to make 600 milliliters of solution. What is the molarity of the Cl  ions in the solution?Solution To find the molarity of the ions, we must first find the molarity of the solute and the ion to solute ratio.Step 1:  Find the molarity of the solute. From the periodic table: Atomic mass of Cu 63.55Atomic mass of Cl 35.45Atomic mass of CuCl2 1(63.55) 2(35.45)Atomic mass of CuCl2 63.55 70.9Atomic mass of CuCl2 134.45 g/molNumber of moles of CuCl2 9.82 g x 1 mol/134.45 gNumber of moles of CuCl2 0.07 molMsolute Number of moles of CuCl2/VolumeMsolute 0.07 mol/(600 mL x 1 L/1000 mL)Msolute 0.07 mol/0.600 LMsolute 0.12 mol/LStep 2:  Find the ion to solute ratio. CuCl2 dissociates by the reaction CuCl2 → Cu2 2Cl- Ion/solute Number of moles of Cl-/number of moles of CuCl2Ion/solute 2 moles of Cl-/1 mole CuCl2Step 3:  Find the  ion molarity. M of Cl- M of CuCl2 x ion/soluteM of Cl- 0.12 moles CuCl2/L x 2 moles of Cl-/1 mole CuCl2M of Cl- 0.24 moles of Cl-/LM of Cl- 0.24 MAnswer The molarity of the Cl  ions in the solution is 0.24 M. A Note About Solubility While this calculation is straightforward when an ionic compound completely dissolves in solution, its a tiny bit trickier when a substance is only partially soluble. Basically, you set up the problem the same way, but then multiply the answer time the fraction that dissolves.

Analyzing organizational change action plan Research Paper

Analyzing organizational change action plan - Research Paper Example It is imperative that a complete overhaul of the organizational structure is undertaken to reorganize it to fit the emerging changes. The alteration in this case will cut across the interests of all the stakeholders of the firm. Just to highlight the parties to the changes, the firm will start with the top management’s demutualization, introduction of new teams or systems, change agents and project implementation teams. The managing director of Landmark health care has been championing for the expansion of the firm and the point of emphasis is on change of plan of action. The issue of change is always characterized by uncertainty in terms of the future effects that follow the implementation of the proposed changes. However, a better future for the stakeholders of this health facility depends on the change in the structure of the management (Hill and Jones, 2013). On the side of administration, Landmark health care needs to cut down on the cost of running the organization through the large sums of money paid as salaries to the top management. To achieve this, the firm is engaged in consultative talks with human resource experts before considering eliminating some positions and introducing new ones. Decision making has been the bottle neck in attainment of the firm’s goals. This problem has been caused by a complex management framework and a lengthy chain of command which in turn has lead to a lot of bureaucracy. Some positions are redundant and just costly with negligible contribution to the performance of the firm hence their removal (Nanus & Dobbs, 1999). The leadership structure that Landmark health care requires must be visionary, open minded and tolerant to different opinions during decision making. A new team of managers that can propel this firm to greater heights must get rid of subjective decision but instead bring everybody on board when discussing matters of common interest so that the concept of objectivity comes in. This is one of the

Civil Right Act Of 1968 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Civil Right Act Of 1968 - Essay Example Before the civil rights era, the situations regarding the racial discrimination were very worse. White race was considered supreme and white Americans have the power to consider the black (Afro-Americans) as the underprivileged race. There was no equal education of the Black Americans, no equal employment, no equal housing. Black people were unable to buy a home even if they have the money to buy it. For this reason, black Americans demanded equal rights as that of the White Americans. Fair housing act was one of the demands that were debated and signed in 1968.Senator Edward Brooke of Massachusetts was the first African-American ever elected to Senate. He was unable to buy a home due to his race. After that issue, the fair housing act was debated in the Senate strongly. Senate Leader, â€Å"Everett Dirksen†, strongly supported the bill in the senate. It was thought at the earlier stage that the House of Representative would not gain a higher ratio of votes. However, the House of Representatives passed the bill due to urban unrest and militancy of African Americans movements.On 4th April 1968, civil rights leader Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated and African Americans movements played part in riots, burning and looting in most cities. President Lyndon B. Johnson emphasized to pass the new civil rights bill to cool down the African Americans movements. On April 10, the fair housing act was passed and signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson to become a law the very next day.

The link between leadership and motivation

The link between leadership and motivation Introduction Self motivation is very crucial for those who have the ambition of being leaders at some point in life. This is especially applicable to those who are starters. The type of motivation required in order to ascend to high level of leadership is powerful. It is not a matter of chance that leaders with high capability come into being. It often entails an individual taking a decisive step to cultivate that success regardless of the huddles on the way. Hence, leadership and motivation are so much interrelated that they cannot be separated. Styles used in leadership have a greater impact in an organisation. Workers who are well lead become self motivated to deliver their best effort. Therefore, it is definite that changes in leadership style can improve motivation at workplace. The link between leadership style and motivation According to Manning and Curtis, there are two aspects of caring leadership: first is commitment to task; second and equally important, is concern for people (10). Effective leaders have the potential to inspire workers in an organisation and in turn improve productivity. Leaders need to create passion among workers so that they can see meaning and sense in the different roles they are playing. Both passion and inspiration are key ingredients in motivation. They can be cultivated by sound leadership styles. Leadership style which attempts to share and impart the significance of vision of an organisation with the rest of employees is very important in the process of motivating workers. Once every employee understands the common goal and objectives of an organization as enshrined in its vision statement, it will be quite easy for leaders to build motivation in them. Employees will only have a powerful desire to achieve the goals of an organisation if they understand or identify themselves with its vision (Maddock Fulton 15). It is only through a relational leadership style that vision can be shared from the top leadership to junior employees. An effective leadership style will ensure that workers are well informed of the impact of the vision and mission of the organisation (Clegg, Kornberger Tyrone 241). They should be made to feel part and parcel of the entire process of achieving success as well as enjoying the beneficial outcomes of their commitment. Once this is achieved, workers will be motivated not only because they have attractive fringe benefits but also because they have a bright future together with the organization. Poor leadership will conceal pertinent information from workers. This will make them have a feeling of alienation from the organisation and become less motivated. It is common knowledge that people will tend to have personal drive if they know quite well that they have something to benefit from or be excited about either in the short or long term. When such employee relation is achieved, then the work of a leader will be very smooth. Leaders who understand the fact that they need to create a close working relationship with employees are often successful. It is out of being close with fellow workers that it will be easy to identify and solve their problems at work and therefore motivate them. The link between leadership and motivation has scarcely been researched upon in the past although each of the concepts has been studied at great length (Daft 225). The manner in which the two components of organizational behavior interact is very important in ensuring positive growth in a business organisation. Since it is not possible to measure or quantify motivation, its impacts in an organization can only be felt or realized in the performance of a company over a given period of time. The process of motivation is complex and unless the impact of leadership on the latter is brought on board, it may not be an easy task. Nevertheless, it is sometimes possible for a leader in an organisation to motivate workers without translating to positive outcome in the organization. There are several initiatives which can be put in place in order to motivate workers. However, it is imperative to point out that any such measures can be hampered or enhanced by the leadership style in operation. For example, most workers will be motivated to offer their services if they have job satisfaction. This cannot exist in an organization unless it is well cultivated. It is upon the leader to change the leadership style for employees to derive satisfaction at work. For instance, one way of making sure that employees are satisfied at their place of work is by reducing the level of supervision. Effective leaders do not supervise their juniors too closely. This may create an environment of discomfort and a feeling of being threatened. Most workers would generally prefer to work with minimal control. This is also important because each one of them is made should be made accountable and responsible as well. Additionally, good leadership will recognize the extra effort by employee s. Exceptional performance by workers ought to be rewarded. Both monetary and verbal recognition from the leadership is welcome so that motivation can be enhanced. When organizational members are motivated, it leaves a positive impact on the performance of the organization. Further, theories of motivation like that of Marslow attempt to expound how leadership may be linked to motivation. Leaders in an organization are directly correlated to the growth and motivation of employees depending on the style used. Much research indicates that the top leadership has a key role to play in the determination of companys performance. Positive growth can only be achieved in a case whereby workers are wholly devoted and committed to the realization of the set goals and objectives. Nevertheless, there are some instances when leadership has been considered to be a subsidiary factor as far as organizational performance is concerned. The argument is that junior employees are the one who execute the actual task in an organization while leaders are mainly mandated to give guidance and direction on what is supposed to be done. It is perhaps better to consider teams within an organisation and investigate how team leaders can motivate workers. There is a vivid evidence that the presence of a team leader in an organization is a real motivating factor to workers ( Adler Allison 192). The level of motivation may be quite low whenever a team leader is absent. From this perspective, the general perception is that leaders who steer small teams in organizations are more influential to the teams they are leading compared to top executives. This can be explained from the fact they are very close to the rest of team members and will often listen and act expeditiously to arising issues. Moreover, workers are found to be less motivated when their team leader has been substituted with another one. It takes a significant amount of time before the team can adjust itself to the changes. Nevertheless, it is imperative to underscore the fact that it is only transformational leadership which can usher full motivation. Leadership styles are different and so is the application. One main factor which often leads to team members being motivated in the presence of their leader is the team bonding spirit which develops with time. Members in a team tend to bond emotionally with their leader to the extent that separating the two becomes tricky. Even in cases where a substitute team leader is brought on board, he or she is more or less regarded as a manager but not a leader. This implies that the link between effective leadership and motivation is not instantaneous. It is a process which demands time and space. However, there are demerits when leaders bond too closely with team members. For instance, charismatic leaders who seem to be all efficient and fail to delegate roles to members may prove to be fruitless in the long run. Such leaders fail to empower team members leading to de-motivation. Leaders who take control position of their teams and leave nothing to chance also fall into this category. Members of a team need to be given the chance to exercise their abilities bearing in mind that each one of them has unique potential different from the rest. Notwithstanding this argument, organizations which have established a culture of exemplary performance may not experience much of the impact of charismatic leaders. This is diffused by the growth momentum of the organization. At this point, it is crucial to note that there are some team leadership styles which can uplift the team spirit of junior staff. The subordinates also need to be empowered. This is one way through they can be made to feel a sense of belonging not just within a team but also in the entire organization. The subordinate workers will also derive great job satisfaction at their work place when this kind of transformational leadership is adopted. From the Social exchange standpoint, real empowerment of team members leads to the understanding that each member is important in the process of production and no one is treated as means to achieve the end product. This will definitely improve performance of the organisation owing to intrinsically motivated group. Leadership is a form of social influence which is developed in a cohesive group of people. If a team leader decides to delegate duties to the subordinate staff, then this should be done in a way that it will have the greatest positive influence on each worker. This is now where the difference between superb and inefficient leadership is observed. For example, a transformed leader will first of all judge the ability and potential of each team member and then delegate task accordingly. Workers should be assigned duties in areas of interest and ability so that they can be motivated as they enjoy performing their duties. A leadership style which tends to impose task on workers without evaluating their capability will often miss the point. Workers who are compelled to carry out duties are hardly motivated and this translates to dismal performance. Since leadership is perceived as a social process of creating influence, use of anti-social ways when leading a team may result to de-motivation. For example, leaders who prefer to severely punish errant team members are highly likely to de-motivate workers. A more friendly but firm mode of correcting members should be adopted. Besides, leaders who reward workers with non-contingent stuff may not enhance motivation in them at all. Workers tend to be more understanding when a leader reasons out rationally with them instead of taking some actions individually (Manning Curtis 48). It is evident that leadership style used may generate mixed feelings among workers and their level of motivation at work place. Although no particular leadership style can be proved to be effective in motivating workers, it is imperative to note that although leadership and motivation have been treated in the past as two separate and distinct entities, a close correlation can still be drawn between the two. There are those who argue that leadership does not have any impact on motivation. If this were true, then performance of an organization would not be tagged on the commitment and dedication of employees. Such argument may be misleading because as noted earlier, leadership is a form of social influence. Therefore, the team leader ought to be relational and accommodating to the workers. A leader is much more than just a manager who di shes out principles to be followed by workers. Moreover, a leader seeks to build the team through coordination and organization. In any case, leadership is not only about showing the way but also leading the way. From this understanding, a very strong link is established between leadership and motivation. The concept of motivational leadership is very handy in this discussion. If changes in styles of leadership can improve performance at work place, then leaders who are motivational are very important for improved performance in organizations. For example, workers will tend to admire a leader who is knowledgeable and skillful. They will be motivated by a leader who is confident enough and energetic in leading the team. The leader will also be valued depending on the ability to consider the individual needs of each member of the team in an organization. Workers will be motivated further if the leader is dynamic and capable of initiating changes within a team or organization. Static leadership styles which do not respond to current needs of an organization are cannot enhance motivation. A changed leadership style which seeks to convey information positively is a real motivator at work place. There are moments in the life of a business organisation when situations are tough and perhaps the returns are marginal. An effective leader will try as much as possible to communicate with workers coherently and in way they can easily understand (Griffin Moorhead 39). Effective communication will motivate workers in spite of the situation at hand. Employees will also be motivated if the style of leadership demonstrates confidence. This will enhance security level and workers will also feel safe in their jobs. Another area of importance in leadership and motivation is the decision making process within small working teams or the entire organization. Workers will feel a sense of value, respect and dignity when they are actively involved in the process of decision making at all levels of the organisation. Workers who take part in passing important decisions affecting them will appreciate a great deal and work even harder to achieve the goals of the decisions made. Committed leadership is fundamental in the realization of organizational goals and objectives. When ideas are internalized, deliberated upon and finally transformed into action, the greatest positive effect in the entire organization is produced. Leaders who are not committed to their course of duty may send the wrong signals to subordinate staff. It is obvious that the junior employees will tend to emulate the leadership of the team or organization. Therefore, a less committed leader will equally reverse the commitment of workers and eventually de-motivate them. Transparent form of leadership is the one that operates on an open system. Organizational leadership which runs the affairs of the entire team behind the curtains may not be liked by workers at all. This is also synonymous to directive leadership style whereby workers are supposed to take orders from above and perform their tasks regardless of difficulties. This form of leadership does not permit an open forum where each member of the organization can air opinions. A leadership style based on such principles will de-motivate workers. It makes them belong to the periphery and less significant in the organizational processes. It is factual that unless workers are happy, they will not be productive. Firstly, people who are happy work well with others because they are intrinsically motivated (Adair 85). They create a warm working environment and fellow colleagues enjoy working with them. As a result, a strong and well enhanced team work is built. In the case of a leader, a better working relationship with employees is also harnessed and this facilitates smooth running of the organisation. Conclusion In summing up this paper, it is worth to note that happy workers tend to be more creative at their place of work because their minds are liberated to think and act positively. This is also evident when problems arise in an organisation: workers who are happy would prefer to fix the challenge in preference to complaints. Furthermore, workers who are happy are more energetic and they devote this energy towards achieving the common goal of the organisation. These are elements of positive leadership which leads to motivation of workers. Either monetary or material rewards are good starting points in the process of motivating workers who in turn feel satisfied at their work place. The justification for rewarding workers is that the primary reason for working is to earn. From the perspective that human wants are insatiable, workers will ever value a token of appreciation due to their achievements at work. Therefore, any additional earning over and above the normal remuneration will definit ely lead to job satisfaction. This may be supplemented by verbal recognition on every little achievement by a worker. The security of the job is yet another positive influence towards satisfaction. Employees need to be assured that their jobs are secure and that they do not need to dwell on worries on how sustainable is their work is. Additionally, job security will reduce the rate of turn out in an organisation because workers have the assurance their future livelihood and hence satisfaction. Besides, workers should not be supervised too closely. There should be some degree of freedom. However they should be made to be accountable on their service delivery. This approach will enhance responsibility, sense of purpose and worth hence leading to job satisfaction. A worker who is supervised too closely will often feel threatened and uncomfortable. Hence, leadership style can improve motivation at work place.

What School Vouchers Are Essay -- essays papers

What School Vouchers Are The public has been searching for ways to reform the educational structure that is currently established within the United States. The public school system has been accused of being detrimental to the education of our societies children. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of school vouchers, as a type of educational reform, on all aspects of society. It has already been proven that â€Å"family background, economic status and place of residence† all help to determine the amount of success a child has at a particular school (Raywid, 1989, p. 7). Can it consequently be expected that the choice of which particular school to go to will also make a difference in the child’s success? School Vouchers are a form of educational reform that redirects the flow of funding from school districts to individual families (Coulson, 1998). These vouchers give parents the opportunity to send their child to a private school with the help of state money. Vouchers help to pay all or part of the tuition for families that choose a private school rather than the public school system. What School Vouchers Are Supposed to Help Currently, there are only two voucher programs that exist within the United States. However, the topic is of much debate in communities around the country. Both the Milwaukee program and the Cleveland program are meant to help lower income families receive the best available education (Maranto, Milliman, Hess, & Gresham, 1999, p. 19). These school vouchers are supported on the basis that education will be improved for all children given parental choice and a competition between pubic and private schools (Coulson, 1998). This reform represents a â€Å"shift of educational auth... ... case for public schools of choice. Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation. Raywid discusses the idea of school choice within public schools. This is a little different from school vouchers; however, it raises some of the same issues. Smith, K., & Meier, K. (1995). The case against school choice. London, England: M.E. Sharpe. Smith and Meier discuss many cons to the school voucher debate. They strongly oppose school choice as a means of school reform. â€Å"School Choice.† The American Heritage College Dictionary. 40th ed. 2002. School vouchers: The wrong choice for public education. (2001). Retrieved October 8, 2003 from http://www.Anti-Defamation League, 2001.org/vouchers/print.asp The Anti-Defamation League discusses the idea that school vouchers threaten the American value of separation between church and state. What School Vouchers Are Essay -- essays papers What School Vouchers Are The public has been searching for ways to reform the educational structure that is currently established within the United States. The public school system has been accused of being detrimental to the education of our societies children. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of school vouchers, as a type of educational reform, on all aspects of society. It has already been proven that â€Å"family background, economic status and place of residence† all help to determine the amount of success a child has at a particular school (Raywid, 1989, p. 7). Can it consequently be expected that the choice of which particular school to go to will also make a difference in the child’s success? School Vouchers are a form of educational reform that redirects the flow of funding from school districts to individual families (Coulson, 1998). These vouchers give parents the opportunity to send their child to a private school with the help of state money. Vouchers help to pay all or part of the tuition for families that choose a private school rather than the public school system. What School Vouchers Are Supposed to Help Currently, there are only two voucher programs that exist within the United States. However, the topic is of much debate in communities around the country. Both the Milwaukee program and the Cleveland program are meant to help lower income families receive the best available education (Maranto, Milliman, Hess, & Gresham, 1999, p. 19). These school vouchers are supported on the basis that education will be improved for all children given parental choice and a competition between pubic and private schools (Coulson, 1998). This reform represents a â€Å"shift of educational auth... ... case for public schools of choice. Bloomington, Indiana: Phi Delta Kappa Educational Foundation. Raywid discusses the idea of school choice within public schools. This is a little different from school vouchers; however, it raises some of the same issues. Smith, K., & Meier, K. (1995). The case against school choice. London, England: M.E. Sharpe. Smith and Meier discuss many cons to the school voucher debate. They strongly oppose school choice as a means of school reform. â€Å"School Choice.† The American Heritage College Dictionary. 40th ed. 2002. School vouchers: The wrong choice for public education. (2001). Retrieved October 8, 2003 from http://www.Anti-Defamation League, 2001.org/vouchers/print.asp The Anti-Defamation League discusses the idea that school vouchers threaten the American value of separation between church and state.

Macroeconomics Unit 8 Assignment Essay

Question: 1. Using aggregate demand, short-run aggregate supply, and long-run aggregate supply curves, explain the process and causes by which each of the following economic events will move the economy from one long-run macroeconomic equilibrium to another. In each case, explain the short-run and long-run effects on the aggregate price level and aggregate output. a. There is a decrease in households’ wealth due to a decline in the stock market. A decrease in household wealth means lower purchasing power. The consumer reduces their consumption leading to a decline in the demand which shifts to the left from D1 to D2. As a result, in the short run both the output and aggregate price level fall as depicted by S1. A continued shift in the demand curve to the left, from D1 to D2, leads to reducing price and increasing supply which causes the supply curve to shift from S1 to S2. The long run equilibrium aggregate output and prices will remain constant. In the long run aggregate supply curve shifts to the right from S1 to S2 and the aggregate demand curve also shifts to the right from D1 to D2. The equilibrium aggregate output remains constant while the aggregate prices fall. The long equilibrium aggregate remains constant. b. The government lowers taxes, leaving households with more disposable income, with no corresponding reduction in government purchases. With the taxes lowered and the income still maintained, the consumers have more purchasing power. The demand for goods and services will therefore increase and shift from D1 to D2 resulting in an increase in aggregate prices and real GDP. In the long run real GDP is constant. In the short run the aggregate supply will shift to the left as aggregate demand increases and shifts to the right. In the long run aggregate prices will shift upwards while real GDP remains constant. In the long run both the demand and supply curves get new slopes. The aggregate demand curve shifts to the right while the supply curve shift to the left. Aggregate prices rise and real GDP remains constant. 2. An economy in a hypothetical country is in long-run macroeconomic equilibrium when each of the following aggregate demand shocks occurs. What kind of gap—inflationary or recessionary—will the economy face after the shock, and what type of fiscal policies, giving specific examples, would help move the economy back to potential output? a. A stock market boom increases the value of stocks held by households. The short run aggregate supply curve shifts to the right from SRAD1 to SRAD2. Aggregate prices and real GDP increases and equilibrium shifts from E1 to E2. This will lead to inflationary gap. In the long run supply is fixed which leads to an increase in aggregate prices causing the inflationary gap. The government can control this by contractionary policies such as borrowing from the public. This inflationary gap can be solved by inflationary control such as discretionary or countercyclical fiscal policy which changes the federal government spending or taxes. b. Anticipating the possibility of war, the government increases its purchases of military equipment. The increase in purchases of the military equipment means an increase in demand. With the increase in demand in the short run, the demand curve will shift from SRAD1 to SRAD2 with an alternative increase in price. The price level increase leads to the demand reducing in the long run from SRAD2 to SRAD3. This causes cost-pull inflation whose remedy is inflationary policies. The economy will face an inflationary gap. Policy makers could use contractionary fiscal policies to move the economy back to potential output. The government would need to reduce its purchases of nondefense good and services, increase taxes or reduce transfers. c. The quantity of money in the economy declines and interest rates increase. As quantity of money rises in the economy and interest rates increase, the demand for goods and services declines as shown by the shift from SRAD1 to SRAD2. This happens as consumers can afford to buy more expensive items. The priority changes as customers try to save more money. In the long run, everyone has more money and demand rises again as shown by the shift in the curve from SRAD2 to SRAD3. This leads to a demand-pull inflation which can be solved by inflationary policies. The economy will face a recessionary gap. Policy makers could use expansionary fiscal policies to move the economy back to potential output.

The Background To Change Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3809 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Penneys stores are operating only in the Europe with 200 stores. Penneys stores of Primark are famous for producing all type of dresses to all type of age group. Demand for the dresses generally remains as a solid growth rate across the world. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Background To Change Business Essay" essay for you Create order Irrespective of the demand and supply, irrespective of business cycles this industry grows slowly in multiple markets. Penneys products are men wear, women wear, children wear. From the date of inception Penneys expanded its market operations across the Europe continent. It limited its business operations to this region only. During the years of journey in this business Primark got wide reputation and acceptance across the nations and market. Through quality and reliable dress models Primark got good name from the market. Primark launched its new stores in many Europe nations since all the cultural and social environmental factors are similar to the other countries. Because of social, cultural, political, legal, economical and geographical factors are same and similar in many factors dressing habits of the people living in these regions looks same. So Primark is successful in improving the business opportunities in only in this region. Majorly with the similar characteristics in thes e countries, primary got good advantage in expand the operation from one country to another. Generally businesses work according to the changes in the market conditions; market forces impact the business operation at regular intervals. If a company fails to cater the needs of a group of target market customers then it cannot run the business in long run, business with rational decision making gives good market opportunities over the years. Economic conditions of the markets are changing in many types; markets are operating under several dominating forces. A wrong decision making adversely impacts the business revenues. Economic conditions in Europe continent has been changed in the recent economic crisis across the globe. Major companies in the world were suffered with great loss in terms of revenue and lost business opportunities. So, all these type reasons as a whole created a need to think about strategic decision making. These changes gives a chance to boost the sales from ne w markets, change the decision making structures and processes, and also change in the management policies can give good chance to improve the market share of Primark. If all the suggested solutions for the company are implemented then company can expect a great change in generating more profits for the company and can increase the chance of producing employment to the unemployed professional across the old and new markets. Introduction to change in organizations 3-4 lines About organizational theories 4-5 lines Explain Classical Scientific School of thought by fedric Taylor. Drivers which caused to think about this organizational theory both internal and external factors Explain Scientific School of Human Relationship Drivers which caused to think about this organizational theory both internal and external factors Explain Systems Approach Input-Process-Output Drivers which caused to think about this organizational theory both internal and external factors Explain Contingency approach Drivers which caused to think about this organizational theory both internal and external factors Theoretically evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of bureaucratic organizations Famous management scholar Max Weber had given the ideal structure of bureaucratic organizations with clear set of principle that it should have. If Organization structure is created with formal relationship between the job and positions based on the organization job and position hierarchy then that type of organization structures are useful for better and effective organization management. He believes that employee designation should be created and posts a right person after a formal training with predefined rules and regulation for performing assigned and allotted roles and responsibilities. Employees must perform his duties according to the duties that are assigned to his job while designing the job descriptions and job roles and responsibilities. This type of organization structure is more useful for conducting administration activities than management activities. Employees work under strict guidelines and procedures. Advantages of having bureaucratic organizations: If an organization is running according to the principle defined by Max Weber under hid bureaucratic organizations then that organisations can manage its employees. Since employees work according to the pre defined set of rules then he can does only his work and doesnt cross the limit in performing the task. If every work in the organization is controlled and managed by the employees according to the set of rules then high level discipline can be increased. Employees performance and deviations in performing the work can be minimized. Work productivity can be increased, since employees know about the roles and responsibilities that he should perform under his assigned job in the organization. If all the activities are done by the skilled and well trained employees then it can be useful to increase the individual productivity. In this type of organizations employee will get all legal and statutory benefits from the employers. So employees may feel more job security and feel more comfort in performing the job. Disadvantages of having bureaucratic organizations: It is very difficult to a company to define and create rules for every job and every position in a company and for every business activity, for performing regular tasks and work operations. Every time it is difficult to define set of rules. Theoretically it is difficult to create as and when required. Because according of the changing conditions employees should also change their roles and responsibilities for a better company performance. Changing market conditions demand more activities and actions according the market performance of the company. Though theoretically it is possible to create this type of organizations then practically it is difficult to implement the changes in the company. Theoretically compare alternative forms of organizational development: Organizations can be developed in many ways. Based on the need and requirement at various points of time generally organizations adopt change. Organizations development is a continuous process which is required for transforming a company certain set of operations to another. Organizational development should be a regular action to companies to adjust themselves according to the market conditions. Organization development gives an opportunity to bring necessary changes in a company and to module itself according to the external business opportunities and threats in the market environment. Changing people: in the organization: Changing people means not completely firing the existing employees and recruiting and selecting new employees. Changing employees means adopting new changes in skills in them. In this competitive world employees of the organization should be in position to compete with the employees of the rival organization. Employees should be trained and develop them in e very business aspect to make them ready for facing the competition from the market. If employees are strong and capable to handle such type of external threats and ready to face the competition and generate good performance is useful to earn more profits for the company. High level of the individual performance and productivity can be increased only through continuous employees training and development. For finding the employees that are performing poor, every company has to follow highly sophisticated HR techniques. So well designed and well framed organizational development process is required to get the expected results from the company activities using the effective change process management. Changing technology: one of the best ways to change the organization according to the market conditions is changing the organization technologically. Generally organizations can generate good productive results with good technology usage in the organization. If organization is successful in changing the organizations technology for more productivity, performance, convenience, less effort then it could be useful to get the desired results for major changes in the company. Primark can utilize latest technology for making dresses at less time and comfort with high quality and less defects with it. So finding a right technology from a different source at a cheaper rate gives better results to the company. Changing process: For generating accurate output always depends on the correct input. If a company is successful in producing a correct input then it can give better products to its customers. In the case of Primark, if it is successful finding problems in the existing business process in the company then it can generate more quality output with fewer defects. After a careful study on the existing business process, after finding the activities that are causing process delay, problems in finishing the whole process, sub process, and final process then company can ch ange the steps in making the dress for reducing the time and defects in making. A good process should always generate good output to the company. Task 2: Identify the key Stakeholder in your organisation and Develop systems to involve those stakeholders in the introduction of change Though business organization is a non living entity companies operates in between the society. Business operations and decisions majorly impact the business decisions at every stage of the companys life cycle. A right decision in a wrong time may fail to get success, and a right decision on a wrong location may also result adverse results to the company. So any business organization should work according to the changes in the market conditions. External and internal scanning is essential for taking a rational decision for each business issue. If a company is successful in considering the impact of decision taken by management on the stakeholders of the company, then decision makers can take a rational move depending on the opinions of the stake holders. Stake holders are individuals or institutions who interact with business at various stages of the business cycle. If a major business decision is against to the interests of people in an organization or outside the organization t hen they may oppose to the decision to protect and secure their personal interests. If the management decision is against to increase or decrease of benefits anyone in this business world may exhibit their opinion in form of protest. A company operates on the investments made by the investors, normally these investors influence the major business decisions for increasing the chance to earn more profits on their investments and generate more return on the investments. Though a company is a non-living entity in the society, it works and operates in the society for the society. Several internal and external market forces influence the business. Every company has to consider the considerations of various individuals or organizations which are directly or indirectly support or depend on the company. Every company should have to conduct and perform stakeholder analysis for analyzing the opinions of the stakeholders and their support after the decision is being implemented. Without the sup port and assistance of stakeholders of the company it is difficult to manage the business operations smoothly and effectively. Employees of the organization. All kind of Investors Financial institutions like bankers, capital markets Suppliers of the company Customers of the company Trading associates Industry apex bodies Government bodies Research organizations Are the few stakeholders of a company. Analyse and evaluate these systems which you had used to involve the key stakeholder in change process. Primark is a major company in UK; it has wide operations across few nations in Europe. It is making new branded dress materials to all kind of age group people across the markets. It is major company and has got good amount of market share in few product segments. Primark is also known for new kind of dresses that are new to the fashion world. Its products are popular in several markets. Success of Primark depended on the producing new kind and new dress models for all age group according to the changes in the dressing wear. Mostly youngsters are highly attracted toward the dresses. Bothe innerwear and new kind of apparels are made and being sold in various stores of Primark. In the present time, Primark is trying to implementing major technological advanced machines to improve the production facilities and also planning to expand the market operations by entering new markets. These all type of changes generally require huge amount of financial resources. In this competitive wor ld operating in a small markets is not an easy task and not an appropriate idea in long run of the company. Generally demand for the products of any kind of business comes from the markets, where density of the populations is very high. So far Primark is operating in markets where populations and density of the population sis very low. People are trendier and always look for the new kind of dresses. If Primark is successful in entering new market then it can give good results to the company in terms of market share and profits. So Primark has to enter the markets, from where it can generate huge profits and demand for its dress materials. Instead of focusing on the European markets, if it is ready to take brave and bold step in entering Asian markets, where changing preferences in dress wearing is very slow compared to western community. Employees of Primark generally oppose to change from the present way of working in a business process if a new technology is implemented. Employ ees always prefer to work in routine way manually and sometimes automatic work process than changing to the new way operations. An immediate change or sudden change in the existing process of working impact them psychologically and may impact the productivity. So managers of the organization should explain the benefits they as major stakeholders of the organization and organization as a business entity gets before the decision is implemented. They action reduces the resistance from them. Management of Primark should explain the advantages to the investors, that organization gets if the change is implemented and the financial benefits that they and organization gets then they may support the change process in all terms technologically, business process change and people change. Management of the organization should collect the opinion from its stakeholders through several ways that are available in the company, regarding the various ways of developing the organization. Dependin g on the internal communication channels or using the third part assistance Primark can inject change policies in the minds of the employees and other major stakeholders. Management should seek new advices from the stakeholders May gives good ideas to the management and at the same time management can use the experts opinion to analyze all the decisions. If management conducts the change process awareness sessions and training classes before the change process implementation and execution then stakeholders may not oppose the change, it may reduce the dissatisfaction about the company. So through proper communication mediums companies can reduce the resistance from the employees. Using the available change process implementation process and methods management of the organization can plan; analyze the factors that impact the stakeholders during and before the change process implementation. A good decision making and managing and controlling process is always required to control the re sistance from the stakeholders. Task 3: What changes need to be bringing in the chosen organization? Why these changes need to be brought? Which model is used or adopted? (Ex: KAIZEN) Why you have chosen this model? How you are going to use this model? Identify number of appropriate models for change that suites your organisation. For any kind of organization change should be implemented in a sequential order, entire change process implementation should be implemented in a stage wise manner. Change cannot be implemented as and when required, change is a continuous process, there a several models and methods to implement change. Change can bring a positive result to a company in every business aspect. Change cannot be done without a proper plan and model. Model selection and application during the change process implementation differs from change type in organizational development process and other factors of implementation. Total Quality Management: TQM is the one of the most widely accepted and useful method to bring necessary change in the company. For the proposed changes in the company Primark, entire strategic decision making should be changed as per the organization future plans, organization should adopt a special category of work activities to bring the necessary changes. TQM helps organizations to find a good procedure and action plan to take rational decisions. To expand market operations to other markets in the world, a careful and proper market analysis is required. Market forces continuously impact the business decisions at various intervals. So for making a right decision at right time, decision making process should be redesigned in this company. To expand the market operations to the other markets, Primark should understand the dressing habits of the people in the target market. For making any major decision, first a carful market analysis is required. TQM helps to streamline all the existing activities and processes to increase performance and productivity. TQM is also useful to produce defect free and high quality dresses using the available tools and principles in it. PEST analysis: Before moving and entering new market that is new to the company always it is required to conduct correct and accurate market research. For identifying the necessary change for the company internal and external environment scanning and analysis is required at every stage in a business cycle. Political environment: this environment analysis is essential for finding a good opportunity for company, a major political change in a country or region. Political conditions analysis helps to find out the government attitude for industrial support, tax concessions and industrial incentives. Economic environment: Is a company is successful in finding the movements of the economy then it can take right decisions for implementing right change at a right time. In a country if economic system of that country is strong and robust then new and old companies can conduct smooth business operations. Social and cultural environment: People buy and wear dresses based on the rules and norms in th eir social and cultural values. If they are against to the social and cultural norms, normally companies cannot generate sales from that type of markets. So a high level of economic environment scanning is essential to understand the support from the economic institutions before and during the business operations. Technological Environment: for making dresses according to the market preferences, Primark has to understand the availability of technology for making the dresses according to the market conditions. If technological resources are available then company can think about the market expansion and diversification options at various stages of business operations. SWOT analysis: For implementing change in a company, in depth analysis of internal organization is essential to find the required change in it. SWOT analysis is a useful technique to find out suitable changes that are required by conducting in depth analysis on various business areas in an organization. Strengths: Before taking a good decision for implementing a change in company strengths of the company should be assessed to identify the changes required wherever they are necessary. So Primark also should find out the strengths of the company. Normally employees skills, new technology availability and core competences are identified for making a right decision relating to change. Strengths identification is useful to find a right step and right time for making a change process implementation. Weaknesses: A weak area in a business process is definitely a drawback for attaining the goals and objectives of the company. Identifying weak areas in performing business process operations gives imm ense opportunities to consider a weak point. All these type of weak points are helpful to develop a robust plan for the change process implementation. Opportunities: Generally organizations adopt change to utilize the market opportunities, to protect the existing market share, to gain more revenue out of operations, to minimize costs and also to control costs and expenditure. If a company is successful in finding the opportunities that are coming from the market then it can get ready with right level of resources to utilize it for business activities for generating more profits for the company and for creating more wealth for the investors. So this opportunities scanning helps to adopt a major change in the company. Threats: If a company is successfully in finding threats from the market then it can change its business operations and activities to protect the company from the external threat. This can also be useful to define and prepare a clear change planning and implementat ion process. Above two are not required, need to use one model to implement the required changes All these three models and analysis tools are useful to find out a right change to the organisation as and when required with clear and correct change implementation process. How would you go ahead in implementing one or more model(s) in your chosen organisation and what improvements do you expect to achieve by implementing your chosen model(s). Change cannot be implemented using simple process, a careful implementation structure with sequence of steps have to be followed to achieve the desired results. If the whole changes that are proposed are implemented successfully then Primark will get several benefits. It can run its business in more effective manners. It can expand the business operations to multiple locations across the globe. Demand for the dresses has huge demand in the entire world. So a if all the proposed changes in making strategic decision making, diversification and operational activities are implemented then company can get several advantages. Costs of the Primark can be controlled while making dress material by redesigning the production process steps are at the same time it can also control over expenditure of the company at various levels. Managers can take good decisions quickly with high quality; strategic decision making of the company can be improved with high level of integrity and good lead ership quality. Entire top level management structure should be restructured to attain the given results. With the ready information availability managers can take right decisions for the development of the organization at various stages. All these models for implementing change can be adopted based on the change method type and structure. If a company is successful in providing a right solution for the identified problem in a company then it can give better results to the company. Once these proposed changes are implemented then Primark will get several benefits: Size of the market increase to conduct business in multiple locations. Entering new markets gives, particularly developing countries gives good chance to build good market base and customer base. Profits of the company can be increase with the propose changes Customer base can be increased Successful brands and dress models in one market can be useful to catch the market eye in new markets. Business opportunities can be increased at a faster pace. Market opportunities can be utilized to increase the business opportunities. Wealth to the investors can be created. Return on the investors investments can be increased. Successful brands can be launched in new markets. Conclusion(50 words) Three outcomes after implementing the suggested changes